1 Chronicles 19:16

Authorized King James Version

And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֣רְא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
אֲרָ֔ם
And when the Syrians
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
#3
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#4
נִגְּפוּ֮
that they were put to the worse
to push, gore, defeat, stub (the toe), inflict (a disease)
#5
לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#6
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#7
וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙
they sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#8
מַלְאָכִ֔ים
messengers
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#9
וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ
and drew forth
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#10
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
אֲרָ֔ם
And when the Syrians
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
#12
אֲשֶׁ֖ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#13
מֵעֵ֣בֶר
that were beyond
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
#14
הַנָּהָ֑ר
the river
a stream (including the sea; expectation the nile, euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity
#15
וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ
and Shophach
shophak, a syrian
#16
שַׂר
the captain
a head person (of any rank or class)
#17
צְבָ֥א
of the host
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#18
הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר
of Hadarezer
hadarezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
#19
לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Chronicles. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection